Autism has been one of the most important issues facing American families in recent years. During the 2000s, the rate of autism diagnosis among children, especially boys, has gone up. In the 1970s and 80s, the rate of autism diagnosis was 1 per 2000 children. Today, it’s closer to 1 per 150. Because of this, research into autism spectrum disorders is a big priority for the US Department of Health and Human Services.
In 2019, government-funded research into autism is focused on a small number of key issues. Risk factors for autism are being researched. Scientists help to find ways to prevent the development of autism in children, if possible. About a third of all research into autism is looking at the biology of the disorder. Researchers are especially interested in cases where autism presents alongside other issues, like gastrointestinal or seizure disorders.
Genetics are a focus for many biologically-based studies. Researchers are interested in how specific alleles influence the expression of symptoms in people with autism. The general health and longevity of autistic Americans is also becoming a focus. Demographics are important for this research. As the population of autistic people ages, the challenge of providing services will also evolve. For example, very old and very young patients may have trouble accessing transportation. This is a big issue when delivering services to a population.
Of course, biology is just one part of autism spectrum disorder. Other research areas include following patients with autism spectrum disorder into adulthood. Resources are being used to try and find ways to help adults with ASD cope. Other researchers are working on ways to make services more effective and accessible for autistic Americans of all ages. Goals like helping autistic adults adapt to the workplace are very important for researchers. Self-reports are important for some of this work, too. For example, autistic adults are asked about their life experiences in some studies.
Other important work is being done in the areas of diagnosis and treatment. Identifying the problem early, and beginning interventions as soon as possible, is key in helping autistic Americans get the most out of life. Helping people with autism to live in the mainstream of life is an important goal, not just for service providers but for society as a whole.